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Different Types of Lenses
Standard Lens
A standard focal length for a prime lens is a 50mm lens (in 35mm full frame terms), which is commonly referred to as a normal lens. It’s considered standard or normal because it is the focal length that matches – more or less – how we see the world with our human eyes, as our field of view is approximately 50mm.
One of the camera lens examples: Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM.
Wide-angle Lens
Wide-angle lenses offer a greater depth of field compared to standard or telephoto lenses. This means that with a wide-angle lens, you can achieve sharpness from the foreground to the background in a single shot. Factors such as f-stop, focal length, sensor size, and focusing distance also contribute to maximizing depth of field. Wide-angle lenses are particularly useful for capturing landscapes, where you want both the foreground and background to be sharp. However, they are not suitable for portraits as they can exaggerate the size of objects closest to the camera, such as a person's nose or belly.
One of the camera lens examples: Sony G Master FE 24mm f/1.4
Telephoto Lens
Telephoto lenses are great for various types of photography, including wildlife, sports, portraits, and close-ups. They allow you to capture subjects from a distance or maintain a comfortable distance. Telephoto zoom lenses typically range from 70-200mm, 100-400mm, to 150-600mm, with each range serving different purposes. The 70-200mm length is popular for portrait and landscape photography due to its ability to zoom in for close-ups and isolate details while creating a natural look. For wildlife photography, lenses in the 100-400mm or 150-600mm range are recommended. Prime telephoto lenses range from 85mm to 800mm, with shorter lengths used for portraits and longer lengths for wildlife and sports. Telephoto lenses offer advantages such as sharper images, shallow depth of field, and the ability to capture more light. They can create a flattened or compressed look depending on the scene and distance from the subject. Understanding the lens choice helps in achieving desired depth and dimensionality in the composition.
One of the camera lens examples: Sony FE 70-200mm f/2.8 GM
Macro Lens
Macro lenses are designed for close-up photography, capturing small subjects or details with high magnification. They are ideal for photographing flowers, insects, jewelry, and more. True macro lenses achieve a 1:1 magnification ratio, while some offer even higher ratios. Longer telephoto lenses are practical for beginners, allowing close-ups without getting too close and maintaining proper lighting. Close-up photography with macro lenses creates a shallow depth of field, emphasizing subject separation but requiring precise focus.
One of the camera lens examples: Canon RF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM
